Optical Spectra of Fluorite

• Allen RD (1952) Variations in chemical and physical properties of fluorite. American Mineralogist 37, 910-930. 
• Przibram K (1954) Irradiation colours in minerals. Endeavour 1954, 37-41.
  
• Isetti G (1959) Investigations of the coloration of fluorites. Periodico di Mineralogia 28, 19-29. (in Itallian)
  

• Messner D, Smakula A (1960) Color Centers in Alkaline Earth Fluorides. Physical Review 120, 1163-1166. 
• O'Connor JR, Bostick HA (1962) Radiation Effects in CaF₂:Sm. Journal of Applied Physics 33, 1868-1870.  
• O'Connor JR, Chen JH (1963) Color centers in alkaline earth fluorides. Physical Review 130, 1790-1791. 
• Voron'ko YK, Kaminskii AA, Osiko VV (1965) Analysis of the optical spectra of Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Er³⁺ in fluorite crystals (type 1) by the concentration series method. Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki 49, 724-9. In Russian
• Kamikawa T, Kazumatat Y, Kikuchi A, Ozawa K (1966) The F center in calcium fluoride. Physics Letters 21, 126-128.
• Makovsky J (1966) Multiple optical spectra of trivalent gadolinium in crystals of the fluorite type. Physics of Quantum Electronics Confrence Proceedings (1966), 340-9. 
• Bill H, Sierro J, Lacroix R (1967) Origin of coloration in some fluorites. Amer Mineral 52, 1003-1008.
• Tkachuk AM (1967) Concentration dependence of the luminescence of a holmium ion in fluorite crystals. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya 31, 2067-2069. In Russian
• Loh E (1968) 4f^n-1 5d spectra of rare-earth ions in crystals. Physics Review 175, 533-536.
• McLalulghlan SD, Evans HW (1968) Production of Colloidal Calcium by Electron Irradiation of CaF₂, Crystals. phys. stat. sol. 27, 695-700.
• Recker K, Neuhaus A, Leckebusch R (1968) Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Garb- und Lumineszenzeigenschaften natürlicher und gezüchteter definiert dotierter Fluorite. Proc Internat Mineral Assoc, Cambridge, 145-152.

• Mackenzie KJD, Green JM (1971) The cause of coloration in Derbyshire Blue John banded fluorite and other blue banded fluorites. Mineral Mag 38, 459-470. 
• Staebler DL, Schnatterly SE (1971) Optical Studies of a Photochromic Color Center in Rare-Earth-Doped CaF₂. Phusical Review B 3, 516-527. 
• Calas G (1972) On the blue colour of natural banded fluorites. Mineral Mag 38, 977-979
• Calas G (1972) Étude de la coloration bleue de quelques fluorites naturelles. Bull Soc fr Minéral Cristallogr 95, 470-474.
• MacKenzie KJD (1972) The possible role of sulphur in the coloration of Blue John fluorite. Mineral Mag 38, 979-981.
• Batygov SK, Voronko YK, Gaigerova LS, Fedorov VS (1973) Optical spectra and interaction of rare earth ions in doubly activated fluorite crystals. Optika i Spektroskopiya 35, 868-75. In Russian
• Braithwaite RSW, Flowers WT, Haszeldine RN, Russell M (1973) The cause of the colour of Blue John and other purple fluorites. Mineral Magazine 39, 401-411.
• Krasilshchikova OA, Platonov AN, Tarashchan AN (1974) On color centers in natural fluorites. Mineralogicheskii Sbornik (Lvov) 28, 31-40. In Russian
• Leckebusch R, Recker K, Al-Mansur M (1974) Uber die Farben der Fluorite von Seilles (Andenne, Belgien). N Jb Mineral Mon 1974, 143-149. 
• Platonov AN, Krasilshchikova OA, Tarashchan AN (1975) Optical absorption of rare earth ions in minerals. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 9, 58-64. In Russian
• Minko OE, Makeev AB (1976) Optical absorption and luminescence spectra of some minerals from Vaigach Island and Amderma deposits. Vinokurov VM, Ed. Fiz Svoistva Miner Gorn Porod 1976, 104-9.  In Russian.
• Bill H, Calas G (1978) Color centers, associated rare-earth ions and the origin of coloration in natural fluorites. Phys Chem Minerals 3, 117-131.
• Bill H (1979) An O⁻² molecule ion in CaF₂: Structure and dynamical features. Journal of Chemical Physics 70, 277 
• Galwey AL. Jones LA. Reed R (1979) The Blue coloration in banded fluorite (Blue John) from Castleton, Derbyshire, England. Mineralogical Magazine 43, 243-250,  

• Krasilshchikova OA, Platonov AN (1980) Attempt at a colorimetric study of natural fluorites. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 2, 53-63.
• Schmetzer K, Bank H, Gübelin E (1980) The alexandrite effect in minerals: chrysoberyl, garnet, corundum, fluorite. N Jb Mineral Abh 138, 147-164.
• Mitra S (1981) Nature and genesis of colour centers in yellow and colorless fluorite from Amba Dongar, Gujrat, India. N Jb Mineral 141, 290-308.
• Li XA, Liu TG, Zhao YL (1985) A study of color-causing mechanisms of fluorite from Bayan Obo Inner Monggol. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 5, 164-168 (in Chinese)
• Krasnlvshchikova OA, Tarschan AN, Platonov AN (1986) The color and luminescence of natural fluorites. Kiev Naukova Dumka. 224 pages. 
• Gorobets BS, Rogozhin AA, Ryabenko SV (1989) Determination of rare-​earth minerals under unfiltered light from a mercury lamp. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 11 55-7. In Russian

• Calderon T, Millan A, Jaque F, Sole JG (1990) Optical properties of Sm²⁺ and Eu²⁺ in natural fluorite crystals. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas. 17, 557-561.  
• Wang YW, Zhu ZZ (1990) Optical absorption spectra of fluorite from Suichang and Lishui. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 10, 2 (in Chinese)
• Wan Y, Zhu Z (1991) Study on the optical absorption spectra of fluorite from Suichang and Lishui, Zhejiang. Journal of Materials Science (1991), 26(16), 4313-17. 
• Calderon T, Khanlary MR, Rendell HM, Townsend PD (1992) Luminescence from natural fluorite crystals.Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 20, 475-85.
• Krasilshchikova OA, Tarashchan AN, Nechaev SV (1992) Fluorite in the formation analysis (Mineralization of the Ukrainian Shield). Mineralogichesky Zhurnal 14:13-35 (in Russian) 
• Ma CA, Han WB.(1992) On fluorite color mechanism. Vocanoloty and MIneral Resources 13, 53-62 (in Chinese)
• Hollingsworth GJ, McClure DS (1993) Photoionization and photochemical production of color centers in Ce³⁺- and Ce³⁺:Na⁺-doped CaF₂. Physical Review B 48, #48.   
• Krasilshchikova OA, Tarashchan AN, Nechaev SV (1993) Fluorite in formational analysis (Ore deposits of Scandinavia) Mineralogichesky Zhurnal 15:75-84 (in Russian)
• Trinkler VM, Kempe U, Plötze M, Rieser U (1993) About rose and brown fluorite from Sn-W deposits. Chem Erde 53:165-181 (in German)
• Zidarova BP (1993) The origin of color in fluorite from Bulgarian deposits. Dokladi na Bulgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 46, 69-72.
• Dantas NO, Watanabe S, Chubaci JFD (1996) Optical absorption (OA) bands in fluorites by heavy gamma irradiation. Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 116, 269-273. 
• Morozov M, Trinkler M, Plötz M, Kempe U (1996) Spectroscopic studies on fluorites from Li-F and alkaline granitic systems in central Kazakhstan. In: Shatov, Seltmann, Kremenetsky, Lehmann, Popov & Ermolov (Eds) Granite-Related Ore Deposits of Central Kazakhstan and Adjacent Areas. INTAS-93-1783 Project, St. Petersburg; pp 359-369.
• Zhukov VP, Zainullina VM (1998) First-​principles calculations of the electronic structure of fluorite-​type crystals (CaF₂, BaF₂, SrF₂, and PbF₂) containing Frenkel defects. Analysis of optical and transport properties. Physics of the Solid State (Translation of Fizika Tverdogo Tela (Sankt-Peterburg)),40, 1827-1832.  

• Sobolev VV, Kalugin AI (2002) Calculation of the Optical Spectra of Fluorite. Inorganic Materials (Translation of Neorganicheskie Materialy) 38, 1053-1057.
• Sobolev VV, Kalugin AI (2002) Reflection and absorption spectra of fluorite in the UV spectral region Journal of Applied Spectroscopy (Translation of Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii) (2002), 69, 93-96.
• Sobolev VV, Kalugin AI (2002) Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Fluorite and Corundum. Physics of the Solid State (Translation of Fizika Tverdogo Tela (Sankt-Peterburg)),44, 870-879.  
• Sidike A, Kusachi I, Yaashita N (2003) Natural fluorite emitting yellow fluorescence under UV light. Phys Chem Minerals 30, 478–485.  
• Trinkler M, Monechke T, Thomas R (2005) Constraints on the genesis of yellow fluorite in hydrothermal barite–fluorite veins of the Erzgebirge, eastern Germany: evidence from optical absorption spectroscopy, rare-earth-element data, and fluid-inclusion investigations. Can Mineral 43, 883-898.

• Gu H, Ma D, Chen W, Zhu R, Li Y, Li Y (2011) Electrolytic coloration and spectral properties of natural fluorite crystals containing oxygen impurities. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 82, 327– 331. 
• Zidarova, B (2011) Formation temperature, REE contents and optical spectra of fluorite from the Mikhalkovo deposit (Central Rhodopes, Bulgaria)​: genetic implications and practical significance. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 188, 257-283. 
• Zidarova, B (2012) Investigation of fluorite from the Slavyanka deposit, Bulgaria as a material for application in the optics. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 189, 223-262.   
• Shcheulin AS, Angervaks AE, Semenova TS, Koryakina IF, Petrova MA, Fedorov PP, Reiterov VM, Garibin EA, Ryskin AI (2013) Additive colouring of CaF₂:Yb crystals: determination of Yb²⁺concentration in CaF₂:Yb crystals and ceramics. Appl. Phys. B 111, 551–557.  
• Zwaan JC (2014) Green fluorite from Stak Nala, Pakistan. The Journal of Gemmology 34, 192-194. 
• Andreici Eftimie EL, Avram CN, Brik MG, Chernyshev VA, Avram NM (2019) Ab initio analysis of the optical spectra and EPR parameters of Ni²⁺ ions in CaF₂ and CdF₂ crystals. Journal of Luminescence 214, 116577. 

• Štubňa J, Pulišová Z, Fridrichová J, Bačík P (2020) Properties of Green Fluorite from England Showing Daylight Fluorescence. The Journal of Gemmology 37, 128-130.
• 2023 Liu Y, Guo Q, Liu L, Zhang S, Li Q, Liao L (2023) Comparative Study on Gemological and Mineralogical Characteristics and Coloration Mechanism of Four Color Types of Fluorite. Crystals 13, 75.