Optical Spectra of Garnet

• Platonov AN, Taran AN (2018) Optical Spectra and Color of Natural Garnets. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Naukova Dumka. 256 pages. (In Russian)
  

• Valyashko EG, Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1953) The color of corundum and methods for its investigation. Trudy Instituta Kristallografii, Akademiya Nauk SSSR (1953), No. 8, 111-28. (in Russian) 
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Klimovskaya LK, Vishnevskii VN (1954) The curves of spectral absorptions as one of the possible diagnostic characters of garnets. Mineralogicheskii Sbornik (Lvov) 8, 281-94. (In Russian) 
• Clark SP (1957) Absorption spectra of some silicates in the visible and near infrared. American Mineralogist 42, 732-742. 
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1958) The color of idiochromatic minerals. Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 87, 129-50. (in Russian)   
• Neuhaus A, Richartz W (1958) Absorptionsspektrum und Koordination allochromatisch durch Cr³⁺ gefärbter natürlicher und synthetischer Einkristalle und Kristallpulver. Angewandte Chemie 70, 430-434.
• Balchan AS, Drickamer HG (1959) Effect of Pressure on the spectra of olivine and garnet. Journal of Applied Physics 9, 1446-1447.

• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Rovsha VS (1960) The color of diamond accessory minerals.Materialy Vses. Nauchn.Issled. Geol. Inst. 40, 57-64. (In Russian)     
• Neuhaus A (1960) Über die Ionenfarben der Kristalle und Minerale am Beispiel der Chromfärbungen. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 113, 195–233. 
• Bloomfield P,,Lawson AW, Rey C (1961) Crystal field splitting and covalent bonding in Fe⁺⁺ silicate garnets. Journal of Chemical Physics 34, 749-756. 
• Wickersheim KA (1961) Optical and infrared spectra of ferrites and garnets. Journal of Applied Physics 32, 2055. 
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Brilliantov NA, Sviridov DT, Sviridova RK, Sukhanova OH (1963) Absorption spectra of crystals containing Fe³⁺ at temperatures up to 1.7ºK. Optika i spektroskopiya 14, 228-233. (Optics and, Spectroscopy 14, 118-).  
• Manning PG (1967) The Optical Absorption Spectra of the Garnets Almandine-Pyrope, Pyrope and Spessartine and Some Structural Interpretations of Mineralogical Significance. Canadian Mineralogist 237-251.
• Manning PG (1967) The optical absorption spectra of some andradites and the identification of the ⁶A₁ -> ⁴A₁⁴E(G); transition in Fe³⁺. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4, 1039-1047.
• Marfunin AS, Mineeva RM, Mkrtchyan AR, Nyussik YM, Fedorov VE (1967) Optical and Moessbauer spectroscopy of iron in rock-​forming silicates. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya (1967), 86-102. (In Russian)
• Wood DL, Remeika JP (1967) Efiect of impurities on the optical properties of  yttrium iron garnet. Journal of Applied  Physics 38, 1038-1045. 
• Burns RG (1969) Optical absorption in silicates. In SK Runcorn (ed.), The Application of Modern Physics to the Earth anil Planetary lnteriors. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1969) Color of a mineral and study of its nature from absorption spectra. Sovrem. Metody Mineral. Issled. Vol .1, Izd. Nedra Moscow, USSR. Ed. Rozhkova EV, p 78-89 
• Levenson M, Sawatzky E (1969) Optical absorption in gadolinium iron garnet. Journal of Applied Physics.40, 2672-2673.
• Manning PG (1969) Optical absorption studies of grossular, andradite (var. colophonite) and uvarovite. Canadian Mineralogist 9, 723-729.

• Boksha ON, Varina TM, Grum-Grzhimailo SV (1970) Low-temperature study of narrow absorption bands in iron-containing minerals.
  Grum-Grzhimailo SV, editor. Spektrosk. Krist., Mater. Simp., 2nd (1970), 290-5.  
• Boksha ON, Varina TM, Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Timofeeva VA (1970) Absorption spectra of synthetic garnets containing some iron-group ions.   Grum-Grzhimailo SV, editor. Spektrosk. Krist., Mater. Simp., 2nd (1970), 308-12. 
• Burns RG (1970) Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, p84-85.
• Manning PG (1970) Racah parameters and their relationship to lengths and covalencies of Mn²⁺- and Fe³⁺- oxygen bonds in silicates. Canadian Mineralogist 10, 677-688.
• Manning PG, Harris DC (1970) Optical-absorption and electron-microprobe studies of some high-Ti andradites. Canadian MIneralogist 10, 260-271.
• Manning PG, Townsend MG (1970) Effect of next-nearest-neighbor interaction on oscillator strengths in garnets. Journal of Physical Chemistry C 3, L14. 
• Dowty E (1971)Chrystal chemistry of tianian and zirconian garnet: I. Review and spectral studies. American Mineralogist 1983-2009.
• Moore RK, White MB (1971) Intervalence electron transfer efiects in the spectra of the melanite garnets. American Mineralogist.56, 826-840.
• Slack GA, Chrenko RM (1971) Optical absorption of natural garnets from 1000 to 30000 wavenumbers. Journal of the Optical Society of America 61, 1325-1329.
• Arsenev PA, Sviridov DT, Sviridova Rk (1972) Spectra of rare-​earth garnets containing iron ions. Kristallografiya 17, 412-414.
• Grum-Grzhimailo SV, Mamedov TS, Varina TM (1972)  Nature of the coloring of garnets from a Dashkesan iron ore deposit. Doklady - Akademiya Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR 28, 64-70.   
• Manning PG (1972) Optical absorption spectra of Fe³⁺ in octahedral and tetrahedral sites in natural garnets. Canadian Mlineralogist 11, 826-839.
• Moore RK, White WB (1972) Electronic spectra of transition metal ions in silcate garnets. Canadian Mineralogist 11, 791-811.
• Sviridov DT, Sviridova RK (1972) Calculation of spectra of garnets of a group of Fe³⁺-​containing orthosilicates. Kristallogrfiya 17, 221-223. 
• White WB, Moore RK. Interpretation of the spin-allowed bands of Fe²⁺ in silicate garnets. American Mineralogist 57, 1692-1710.
• Burns RG (1993) Mineralogical Application of Crystal Field Theory (2 ed). Cambridge University Press
• Manning PG (1973) Intensities and half-widths of octahedral-Fe³⁺ crystal-field bands and Rachah parameters as indicators of next-nearest-neighbour interactions in garnets. Canadian Mineralogist 12, 215-218.
• Carstens H (1973) The red-green change in chromium-bearing garnets. Contr Mineral Petrol 41: 273–276.
• Yeremenko GK, Polkanov YA (1973) Thermochromatic effect in pyrope. Doklady Akad Nauk SSSR 203:129-131 Translated from: Termokhromnyy effekt piropa. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1972) 203:1163-1166. 
• Amthauer G, Kurta W, Rost F, Schloemer H (1974) Chemismus und Genese des Andradits aus dem Serpentinit des Val Malenco. Schweiz Mineral Petrog Mitteilungen 54, 691-706.
• Lakshman SVJ, Reddy BJ (1974) Optical absorption spectrum of chromium(3+) ion in uvarovite garnet.  Physica (Amsterdam) 71, 197-203.  
• Shankland TJA, Duba AG, Woronow A (1974) Pressure shifts of optical absorption bands in iron-bearing garnet, spinel, olivine, pyroxene, and periclase,  Journal of Geophysical Research 19, 3273-3282.
• Runciman WA, Sengupta D (1974) The spectrum of Fe²⁺ ions in silicate garnets. American Mineralogist 59, 563-566.
• Amthauer G (1954) Zur Kristallchemie und Farbe grüner und brauner Grossulare aus Tansania. Z Dt Gemmol Ges 24, 61-72.
• Runciman WA, Marshall M (1975) The magnetic circular dichroism of pyrope-almandine garnets. American Mineralogist 60, 1122-1124. 
• Gübelin EJ, Weibel M (1975) Green vanadium grossular garnet from Lualenyi, Near voi, Kenya. Lapidary Journal 28, 402-406. 
• Abu-Eid RM (1976) Absorption spectra of transition metal-bearing minerals at high pressure. In: Strens RGJ (ed) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks. Wiley, New York: 641-675.
• Amthauer G (1976) Kristallchemie und Farbe chromhaltiger Granate. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 126, 158-186.
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Kharkiv AD, Polshin EV, Botkunov AI  (1976) Color of jewelry garnets made from kimberlite tubes of Yakutia. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 10, 26-37. In Russian
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Kharkiv AD, Povarennych AS (1976) On ‘‘alexandrite’’ color of garnets. Dokl AN UkSSR 8: 692–695. In Russian.
• Platonov AN, Taran MN, Kharkiv AD, Povarennykh AS (1976)  "Alexandrite" color of garnets. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi RSR, Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki (1976), (8), 694-8. In Ukrainian
  
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Belichenko VP (1978) On the dependence spectroscopic parameters of Cr³⁺ ions on garnet composition. Konst Svoystv Mineral (Constitution and Properties of Minerals) 12:112-115 (in Russian) .
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN,  Karkiv AD (1978)  Typomorphic characteristics of the color of garnets and pyroxenes from deep xenoliths in kimberlites of Yakutia (Yakut ASSR). Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov (1978), 12, 76-88. (in Russian).
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Belichenko VP, Kharkiv AD, Suturin AN (1978) Relation of the spectroscopic parameters of chromium (3+) ions to the composition of garnets. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 12, 112-115. In Russian
• Smith, G (1978) Evidence for absorption by exchange-coupled iron(2+)-iron(3+) ion pairs in the near infra-red spectra of minerals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 3, 375-83. 1978    
• Taran MN, Platonov AN, Polshin EV (1978) Color of jewelry-grade garnets from USSR deposits. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov (1978), 12, 88-103. In Russian 
• Köhler P, Amthauer G (1979) The ligand field spectrum of Fe³⁺ in garnets. J Solid State Chem 28, 329-343. 
• Langer K., Frentrup K.R. (1979) Automated microscope-absorption-spectrophotometry of rock-forming minerals in the range 40,000–5000 cm^-1 (250–2000 nm). Journal of Microscopy, Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 311–320.
• Schmetzer K, Ottemann J (1979) Kristallchemie und farbe Vanadium-haltiger Granate. N Jb Minera Abh 136, 146-168.
• Smith G (1978) Evidence for absorption by exchange-coupled Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ pairs in the near infra-red spectra of minerals. Phys Chem Minerals 3, 375-383.
• Taran MN, Platonov AN, Polshin EV (1978) Color of jewelry-grade garnets from USSR deposits. Konstitutsiya i Svoistva Mineralov 12, 88-103. In Russian

• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Taran MN, Smirnov GI, Povarennykh AS (1980) Blue-purple "alexandrite" effect in chromium-bearing pyropes. Dopovidi Akademii Nauk Ukrains'koi RSR, Seriya B: Geologichni, Khimichni ta Biologichni Nauki (1980), (1),27-32. In Ukrainian
• Parkin KM, Burns RG (1980) High temperature crystal field spetra of transition metal-bearing minerals: Relevance to remote-sensed spetra of planetary surfaces. Proceedings Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 115th, 731-755.
• Reddy BJ, Jacob AS, Janardhanam K (1980) Spectroscopic studies of transition metal ions in spessartine garnet. Pramana 14, 137-41. 
• Schmetzer K, Bank H, Gübelin E. (1980) The alexandrite effect in minerals: Chrysoberyl, garnet, corundum, fluorite. Neues  Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 138, 147–164. 
• Frentrup KR, Langer K (1981) Mn³⁺ in garnets: optical absorption spectrum of a synthetic Mn³⁺-bearing silicate garnet. N Jb Miner Mh, 245-256.
• Lin C (1981) Optical absorption spectra of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in garnets. Bull Minéral 104, 218-222. 
• Frentrup KR, Langer K (1982) Microscope absorption spectrometry of silicate microcrystals in the range 40000-5000 cm-1 and its application to garnet end members synthesized a t high pressures. In: Schreyer W (ed): High-pressure researches in geoscience, Schweizerbart. Stuttgart, 247-258.
• Schmetzer K (1982) An unusual garnet from Umba Valley, Tanzania. Journal of Gemmology 18, 194-200.
• Smith G, Langer K (1983) High pressure spectra to 120 kbars of the synthetic garnet and members spessartine and almandine. N Jb Miner Mh 541-555. 
• Langer K, Lattard D (1984) Mn3+ in garnets II. Optical absorption spectra of blythite-bearing, synthetic calderites, Mn₃²⁺(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺)₂[SiO₄]₃. N Jb Mineral Abh 149:129-141. 
• Zhou KW, Zhao SB (1984) The spin-forbidden spectrum of Fe²⁺ in silicate garnets. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 17, 4625-4632. 
• Matsuk SS, Platonov AN, Khomenko VM (1985) Optical spectra and colour of mantle minerals in kimberlites. Kiev, Naukova Dumka (in Russian).
• Chen Q-H (1987) On the optical spectra of Fe³⁺ ions in silicate garnets. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics  20, L999-L1001. doi 10.1088/0022-3719/20/36/006
• Langer K (1988) UV to NIR spectra of silicate minerals obtained by microscope spectrometry and their use in mineral thermodynamics and kinetics. In: Salje EKH(ed.) Physical Properties and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Minerals, 639-685. D. Reidel Pub. Co.
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Genshaft YS, Saltykovskii AY, Slodkevich V, Kaminskii FV, Kepezinskas V (1988) Optical-spectropscopic study of garnets from deep-seated paragenesis. Izves Akad Nauk SSSR, Ser Geolog 1988:46-58 Iin Russian)
• Noginov MA, Privis YuC, Saidov ZS, Smirnov VA, Scherbakov IA (1988) Temperature dependence of ⁴A₂->⁴T₂ transition probability of Cr³⁺-ions in the crystal of yttrium-scandium gallium garnet. Z Prikl Spektroskop 49, 296-299 (in Russian).
• Rossman GR (1988) Optical spectroscopy. In: Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology (Hawthorne FC ed) Mineralogical Society of America Publication;  Reviews in Mineralogy 18, 207-254.
• Garanin VK, Zhukov GD, Kudryavtseva GP, Laverova TN, Plakhov GF, Botkunov AI, Nasurdinov TG (1989)  Optical-​spectroscopic and colorimetric study of garnets from kimberlitesSovetskaya Geologiya 1989, 67-77 (in Russian).
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Bulanova GP (1989) Optical spectra of orange garnets included in diamonds. Doklady Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Seriya B:  Geologicheskie, Khimicheskie i Biologicheskie Nauki 1989, 15-18 (in Russian).

• Platonov AN, Langer K, Matsuk SS Taran MN, Hu X (1991) Fe²⁺ -Ti⁴⁺ charge-transfer in garnets from mantle eclogites. European Journal of Mineralogy 3, 19-26.
• Khomenko VM, Langer K, Woodland AB, Andrut M (1993) Optical absorption spectra of synthetic skiagite (Fe²⁺₃Fe²⁺₂Si₃O₁₂) and natural Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺-bearing garnets. Terra abstracts 5, 491.
• Langer K, Robarick E, Sobolev NV, Shatsky VS, Wang W (1993) Single-crystal spectra of garnets from diamondiferous high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Kazakhstan: indications for OH^-, H₂O, and Fe-Ti charge transfer. European Journal of Mineralogy 5, 1091-1100.
• Lind Th., Bank H., Henn U. (1993) Spessartine aus Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatshefte 1993, 12,  569–576.
• Khomenko VM, Langer K, Amdrut M, Koch-Muller M, Vishnevsky AA (1994) Single Crystal Absorption Spectra of Synthetic Ti, Fe-Substituted Pyropes. Physics and Chemistry of MInerals 21, 434-440.
• Lind Th., Henn U., Bank H. (1994) Leuchtend orangefarbige Spessartine aus einem neuen Vorkommen in Namibia.
  Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 43, 39–47.
• Matsyuk SS, Platonov AN, Sobolev NV (1994) Effect of crystal chemical factors on optical spectra and coloration of chromium-containing garnets. Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii 60, 141-51. in Russian.
• Taran MN, Langer K, Platonov AN, Indutny VV (1994) Optical Absorption Investigation of Cr³⁺ Ion-Bearing Minerals in the Temperature Range 77-797 K. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 21, 360-372.
• Czaja M, Mazurak Z (1994) Crystal-field analysis of Cr³⁺ in grossular Ca₃Al₅(SiO₄)₃. Optical Materials 3, 95-98.
  
• Locock A, Luth RW, Cavell LRG, Smith DGW, Duke MJM (1995) Spectroscopy of the cation distrubution in the schorlomite species of garnet. American Mineralogist 80, 27-28.
• Smith DGW, Duke MJM (1995) Spectroscopy of the cation distribution in the schorlomite species of garnet. American Mineralogist 80, 27-38.
• Keppler H, McCammon CA (1996) Crystal field and charge transfer spectrum of (Mg,Fe)SiO₃ majorite. Phys Chem Mineral 23, 94-98.
• Kueck S, Petermann K, Pohlmann U, Huber G (1996) Electronic and vibronic transitions of the Cr⁴⁺-​doped garnets Lu₃Al₅O₁₂, Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Y₃Ga₅O₁₂ and Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂. Journal of Luminescence 68, 1-14. 
• Phillips WR, Talantsev AS (1996) Russian demantoid, czar of the garnet family. Gems & Gemology 32:100-111.
• Ross CR, Keppler H, Canil D, O’Neill HStC (1996) Structure and crystal-field spectra of Co₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ and (Mg,Ni)₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃ garnet. American Mineralogist 81, 61–66.
• Mazurak, Z. & Czaja, M. (1996): Optical properties of tsavorite Ca₃Al₂(SiO4)₃: Cr³⁺,V³⁺ from Kenya. Journal of  Lumininescence 65, 335–340.
• Taran MN, Langer K, Platonov AN (1996) Pressure- and temperature-effects on exchange-coupled-pair bands in electronic spectra of some oxygen-based iron-bearing minerals. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 23, 230–236.
• Lind T, Bank H (1997) Effect of ligand metal charge transfer and intervalence charge transfer bands on the colour of grossular garnet. N Jb MIner Mh 1887, 1-14.
• Langer K, Taran MN, Platonov AN (1997) Compression of modulii of Cr³⁺-centered octahedra in a variety of oxygen-based rock-forming minerals. Physics and Chemistry of  Mineralerals 24, 109-114.
• Lind T, Bank H (1997) Effect of ligand metal charge transfer and intravalence charge transfer bands on the colour of grossular garnet. N Jb Mineral Mh 1997, 1-14.
• Geiger CA, Stahl A, Rossman GR (1999) Raspberry-red grossular from Sierra de Cruces Range, Coahuila, Mexico. European Journal of Mineralogy 11, 1109-1113.
• Iwauch W, Matsyuk SS, Taran MN (1999) Optical absorption spectra and colorimetric data of gem-​grade garnets from the Santo Inacio River Basin, Coromandel county, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias (1999), 29(4), 491-496. in Portuguese.
  
• Langer K, Khomenko VM (1999) The influence of crystal field stabilization energy on Fe²⁺ partitioning in paragenetic minerals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137, 220-231.Langer K, Khomenko VM (1999) The influence of crystal field stabilization energy on Fe²⁺ partitioning in paragenetic minerals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137, 220-231.
• Langer K, Khomenko VM (1999) The influence of crystal field stabilization energy on Fe²⁺ partitioning in paragenetic minerals. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 137, 220-231
• Lupei A, Lupei V, Oslac E, Petraru A (1999) Effects of octahedral impurities on RE³⁺ spectra in garnets. Proceedings - Electrochemical Society (1999), 98-24 (Physics and Chemistry of Luminescent Materials), 76-81. 
• Matsyuk SS (1999) New data on the mineralogy of rutile websterites from kimberlites. Mineralogicheskii Zhurnal 21, 61-71. in Russian.
• Matsyuk SS, Tsvelodub IF, Bugaenko VN (1999) Optical absroption spectra and color of the Mn-bearing garnets. Mineralogichesky Zhurnal 2, 44-59 (in Russian).
• Milisenda CC, Zang J (1999) Spessartine aus Nigeria. Gemmologie -Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gemmologischen Gesellschaft 48, 223–226.
• Schmetzer K., Bernhardt H.-J. (1999) Garnets from Madagascar with a color change of blue-green to purple. Gems & Gemology 35, 196–201.

• Geiger CA, Stahl A, Rossman GR (2000) Single-crystal IR- and UV/VIS-spectroscopic measurements on transition-metalbearingpyrope: the incorporation of hydroxide in garnet. European Journal of Mineralogy 12, 259–271
• Taran MN, Langer K (2000) Electronic absorption spectra of Fe³⁺ ions in andradite and epidote at different temperatures and pressures. European Journal of Mineralogy 12, 7–15.
• Andrut M, Wildner M (2001) The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites: Part I. Optical investigations and UV-VIS-IR absorption spectroscopy. American Mineralogist 86, 1219–1230.
• Guastoni A, Pezzotta, F, Superchi M, Demartin F (2001) Pyrope from the Dora Maira massif, Italy. Gems and Gemology 37, 198-204.
• Krzemnicki MS, Hanni HA, Reusser E (2001) Colour-change garnets from Madagascar: comparison of coorimetric with chemical data. Journal of Gemmology 27, 395-408.
• Langer K (2001) Local polyhedral L–M distances in oxygen-based crystal structures from electronic absorption spectroscopy. Bull. Liaison S.F.M C. 13 (2001b) 86.
• Laurs BM, Knox K (2001) Spessartine Garnet from Ramona, San Diego County, California. Gems & Gemology 37, 278-295.
  
• Locock A, Luth RW, Cave, Langer, K (2001) Local polyhedral L––M distances in oxygen-based crystal structures from electronic absorption spectroscopy. Bull. Liaison S.F.M.C. 13, 86. 
  
• Schmetzer K, Hainschwang T, Kiefert L, Bernhardt HJ (2001) Pink to Pinkish Orange Malaya Garnets from Bekily, Madagascar. Gems & Gemology 17, 296-308.
• Taran MN, Langer K (2001) Electronic absorption spectra of Fe²⁺ ions in oxygen-based rock-forming minerals at temperatures between 297 and 600 K. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28, 199–210.
• Khomenko VM, Langer K, Wirth R, Weyer B (2002) Mie scattering and charge transfer phenomena as causes of the UV edge in the adsorption spectra of natural and synthetic almandine garnets. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29, 201-209.
• Taran MN, Langer K, Geiger CA (2002) Single-crystal electronic absorption spectroscopy of synthetic chromium-, cobalt-, and vanadium-bearing pyropes at different temperatures and pressures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29, 362-368.
• Khomenko VM, Langer K, Wirth R (2003) On the influence of wavelength-​dependent light scattering on the UV-​VIS absorption spectra of oxygen-​based minerals: a study on silicate glass ceramics as model substances.Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 30, 98-107.   
• Halenius  U (2004) Stabilization of trivalent Mn in natural tetragonal hydrogarnets on the join ‘hydrogrossular’-henritermierite, Ca₃Mn³⁺₂[SiO₄]₂[H₄O₄] Mineralogical Magazine 68, 335–341.
  
• Langer K, Platonov AN, Matsyuk S (2004) Local mean chromium–oxygen distances in Cr³⁺-centered octahedra of natural grossular-uvarovite garnet solid solutions from electronic absorption spectra Z Kristallogr 219, 272-277.
• Navas AS, Reddy BJ, Nieto F (2004) Spectroscopic study of chromium, iron, OH, fluid and mineral inclusions in uvarovite and fuchsite. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 60, 2261–2268.
• Sanchez NA, Reddy BJ, Nieto F (2004) Spectroscopic study of chromium, iron, OH, fluid and mineral inclusions in uvarovite and fuchsite. Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 60, 2261-8.   
• Taran NM, Langer K, Abs-Wurmbach I, Frost DJ, Platonov AN (2004) Local relaxation around ^[6]Cr³⁺ in synthetic pyrope–knorringite garnets, ^[8]Mg₃^[6](Al_1-XCr³⁺)₂^[4] Si₃O₁₂, from electronic absorption spectra. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31, 650-657.
• Platonov AN, Matsyuk SS, Simonenko KV (2007) Crystal chemistry and spectroscopy of Cr³⁺ ions in green garnets from mantle wehrlites. Mineralogichnii Zhurnal 29, 25-38. In Russian
• Taran MN, Dyar MD, Matsuyk SS (2007) Optical absorption study of natural garnets of almandine-skiagite composition showing intervalence Fe²⁺ + Fe³⁺ → Fe³⁺ + Fe²⁺ charge-transfer transition. American Mineralogist 82, 753-760.
• Platonov AN, Langer K, Matsyuk SS (2008) Crystal field and covalency of octahedral chromium in natural ^[8](Mg_1−x Ca _x ) ^[6]₃(Al_0.67Cr_0.33)₂Si₃O₁₂ garnets from upper mantle rocks. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35, 331–337.
• Taran MN, Langer K, Koch-Müller M (2008) Pressure dependence of color of natural uvarovite: the barochromic effect. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 35, 175-177.
• Adamo I, Bocchio R, Diella V, Pavese A, Vignola P, Prosperi L, Palanza V (2009) Demantoid from Val Malenco, Italy: Review and update. Gems & Gemology 45, 280-287.
• Schmetzer K, Bernhardt HJ, Bosshart G, Haiinschwang T (2009) Colour-change garnets from Madagascar: variation of chemical, spectroscopic and colorimetric properties. Journal of Gemmology 31, 235-282.

• Adamo I, Gatta GD, Rotiroti N, Diella V, Pavese A (2011) Green andradite stones: gemmological and mineralogical characterisation. European Journal of Mineralogy 23, 81-100. 
• Khomenko VM (2011) Mie - scattering caused by nanoinclusions and connected effects in optical absorption spectra of minerals: theory and experiment.Mineralogichnii Zhurnal 33, 27-38. (In Russian)  
• Platonov AN, Urusov VS, Langer K (2011) A remark on correlation between relaxation parameters and covalence of Cr³⁺-O bonds in some mineral structures. Mineralogichnii Zhurnal 33, 49-52.  
• Krambrock K, Gulmaraes FA, Pinheiro MVB, Paniago R, Righi A, Persiano AIC, Karfunkel J, Hoover DB (2013) Purplish-red almandine garnets with alexandrite-like effect: causes of colors and color-enhancing treatments. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 40, 555-562.
• Feneyrol J, Giuliani G, Ohnenstetter D, Rondeau B, Fritsch E, Falllick AE, Ichang'i D, Omito E, Rakotondrazafy M, Ranatsenho M, Lallier F (2014) New typology and origin of tsavorite based on trace-element chemistry. European Journal of Mineralogy 2, 203-308.
• Zwaan JC (2014) Bicouloured grossular from Kambanga, Kenya. The Journal of Gemmology 34, 195-197. 
• Rossman GR, Laurs BM, Hoover D (2015) Purple garnets from East Africa. The Journal of Gemmology 34, 656-658. 
• Sun Z Palke AC, Renfro N (2015) Vanadium- and chromium-bearing pink pyrope garnet: characterization and qwuantitative colorimetric analysis. Gems & Gemology 51, 348–369.
• Williams C, Williams B (2016) Garnet from Mahenge, Tanzania. The Journal of Gemmology 35, 10-12. 
• Williams C, Williams B, Sun Z, Laurs BM (2018) Garnet from Eldorado Bar, Montana, USA. The Journal of Gemmology 36
• Hanus R, Hyršl J (2019).Gemologická identifikace českého granátu (Cr-pyropu) z českých lokalit [Gemological identification of Bohemian garnet (Cr-pyrope) from Czech localities]. In: Hanus R, Selucká A, Ströhrová P (eds) Český Granát – Historie, Identifikace a Zpracování v Kontextu Muzejních Sbírek [Bohemian Garnet – History, Identification and Processing in the Context of Museum Collections]. Technické muzeum v Brně, Brno, Czech Republic, 25–38/  
  
• Stephan T, Lind T, Huaysan B, Müller S (2019) Spessartine reportedly from Ethiopia. The Journal of Gemmology 36, 592-593.

• Zwaan JC (2020) Colour-change garnet from Tanga, Tanzania. The Journal of Gemmology 37, 133-134.
• Qiu Y, Guo Y (2021) Explaining Colour Change in Pyrope-Spessartine Garnets. Minerals 11, 865; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11080865
• Au M, Zhong Y, Shen AH (2021) Gemmological Characteristic of Purple-Brownish Red Garnet from Zambia. Journal of Gems & Gemmology, 23, 20-28. doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2021.04.003 (in Chinese)
  
• Chen YM, Yu XY, Yang Y, Ruan CT (2021) A study of gemological and mineralogical characteristics and color zonation of garnets from Jinan, Shandong Province. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 40, p581-592. (in Chinese)
  
• Williams C, Williams B (2021) Color-change Andradite. The Journal of Gemmology 37, 562-564.
• Zhang H, Liu C, Song Q, Shen AH (2021) Gemmological and Chemical Characteristics of Spessartine from Zambia. Journal of Gems & Gemmology 23. 1-10. doi: 10.15964/j.cnki.027jgg.2021.02.001. (in Chinese)
  
• Zhong Y, Qu MW, Shen AH (2021) Comparison of Chemical Comosition and Spectroscopy of Purple-Brownish Red Garnet from Zambia, Tanzania and Austrailia.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 42, 184-190. (In Chinese) http://www.gpxygpfx.com/EN/Y2022/V42/I01/184
• Ahadnejad V, Krzemnicki MS, Hirt AM (2022)  Demantoid from Kerman Province, South-east Iran: A Mineralogical and Gemmological Overview. The Journal of Gemmology 38, 329-347.
• Li M (2022) Spectroscopic Study on the Species and Color Differences of Gem-Quality Red Garnets from Malawi. Journal of Spectroscopy 2022, 1638042. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1638042
• Štubňa J, Hanus R, Fridrichová J, Bačík P (2022) Spessarting from Tongbei, China. The Journal of Gemmology 38, 18-19.
• Yang P, Guo Y (2022) New Insights into Coloration Mechanism in Violet-Red Pyrope-Almandine. Crystals 12, 379
• Geiger CA, Taran MN (2023) Single-crystal UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy of aluminosilicate garnet: Part III. {Fe²⁺} + [Fe³⁺] → {Fe³⁺} + [Fe²⁺] intervalence charge transfer. American Mneralogist 108, 1171-1181.  
• Geiger CA, Taran MN, Rossman GR (2023) UV/Vis single-crystal spectroscopic investigation of almandine-pyrope and almandinespessartine solid solutions: Part I. Spin-forbidden Fe^2+,3+ and Mn²⁺ electronic-transition energies, crystal chemistry, and bonding behavior. American Mneralogist 108, 1149-1160.
  
• Mao X-t, Chen C, Yin Z-w, Wang Z-m ( 2023) Spectra characterization of Cr-grossular (tsavorite) with "frogspawn" color zoning from Canada. Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi 43, 520-525. (in Chinese). 
  
• Schwarzinger C (2023) Colour-Change Garnet Showing Blue Colouration from Kamtonga, Kenya. The Journal of Gemmology 38, 545-548.
  
• Taran MN, Geiger CA, Vyshnevskyi OA, Rossman GR (2023) Single-crystal UV/Vis optical absorption spectra of almandine-bearing and spessartine garnet: Part II. An analysis of the spin-forbidden bands of Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Fe³⁺. American Mineralogist 198, 1161-1170.
  
• Williams B, Williams C, Laurs BM (2023) Spessartine from Engaro Naibor, Tanzania. Journal of Gemmology 38, 556 -557.
• Hanus R, Hladký P, Hladký A (2024) A Review of Bohemian Garnet (Cr-bearing Pyrope) from the Czech Republic. The Journal of Gemmology 39, 242-258.   
  
• Stephan T, Kneipp F (2024) Additional Data on Spessartine f rom Lolioindo, Tanzania. The Journal of Gemmology 39, 22-24.
• Stephan T, Lind T, Milisenda CC, Kneipp F (2024) The Sinoniki Spessartine Deposit in Longido, Tanzania—A New Source of Bright Orange Spessartine (‘Mandarin’) Garnet. The Journal of Gemmology 39, 171-177.
  
• Xu JH, Yu XY, Shen M, Yan Y, Wang GY (2024)  Explaining Color Change in Gem‑Quality Andradite Garnet. Crystals 14, 180. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020180
• Zhang JY, Li G, Tian Y, Schmitz F (2024) Inclusions and Spectral Characterization of Demantoid from Baluchistan, Pakistan. Crystals 14, 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14010084