Colorful Agate

George Rossman

   Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
 

Introduction


From smoky to citrine to prase, the color varieties of quartz span the spectrum. Some of these varietal or market terms such as amethyst are ancient while others, mango quartz for instance, have been more recently coined to hype a new find or enhancement.the causes of color in the macrocrystalline quartz varieties are fairly well-known. Quartz is largely, but not entirely, made up of Sio2 — silica — which in its pure form is colorless. as with most minerals, macro-quartz generally derives color from electronic processes occurring on the atomic level. the color varieties are largely the result of trace impurities sometimes involving radiation damage components. though seen less frequently in minerals, color can also result from the way light interacts with a mineral’s internal texture (fritsch & rossman 1988). Physical phenomena including interference, diffraction, scattering, and inclusions sometimes color macro quartz, but they are exceptions. In agate, however, they are the rule,

Agate